搭建私有云服务器的软件，基于OpenStack的私有云服务器搭建指南

本指南基于OpenStack，详细介绍了如何搭建私有云服务器。从基础环境搭建到组件安装，再到配置与优化，为您呈现一套完整的私有云搭建方案。

随着互联网技术的飞速发展，云计算已成为企业数字化转型的重要驱动力，私有云作为云计算的一种形式，能够满足企业对数据安全和隐私保护的需求，OpenStack作为全球最流行的开源云平台，具备高度的可扩展性和灵活性，本文将详细介绍如何基于OpenStack搭建私有云服务器。

搭建环境

1、操作系统：选择一台服务器，安装CentOS 7操作系统。

2、硬件要求：根据实际需求选择合适的硬件配置，一般需要4核CPU、8GB内存、1TB硬盘空间。

3、网络环境：确保服务器拥有稳定的网络连接，便于后续的集群搭建。

安装OpenStack

1、安装OpenStack环境依赖包

yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y openstack-packaging

2、安装OpenStack组件

（1）安装OpenStack控制器节点

yum install -y openstack-packaging openstack-keystone openstack-glance openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-neutron-server openstack-neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent openstack-ceilometer-api openstack-ceilometer-collector openstack-ceilometer-agent openstack-ceilometer-central-agent

（2）安装OpenStack计算节点

yum install -y openstack-packaging openstack-nova-compute openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-neutron-agent-openvswitch

（3）安装OpenStack存储节点

yum install -y openstack-packaging openstack-swift openstack-swift-proxy openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container openstack-swift-object

3、配置OpenStack

（1）配置OpenStack控制器节点

- 修改/etc/keystone/keystone.conf文件，设置管理员密码：

admin_token = 123456
admin_password = 123456

- 修改/etc/nova/nova.conf文件，设置数据库连接信息、镜像服务地址、网络服务地址等：

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://root:mysql@controller:3306/nova
[api]
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = admin
username = admin
password = 123456
[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = admin
username = admin
password = 123456

- 修改/etc/nova/api-paste.ini文件，设置认证策略：

[filter:authtoken]
paste.filter_factory = keystoneclient.middleware.auth_token:filter_factory
authtoken.auth_uri = http://controller:35357
authtoken.auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
authtoken.region_name = RegionOne
authtoken.project_domain_name = default
authtoken.user_domain_name = default
authtoken.project_name = admin
authtoken.username = admin
authtoken.password = 123456

- 初始化数据库：

su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db upgrade" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

- 创建租户、用户和角色：

keystone user-create --name admin --pass 123456 --email admin@example.com --project admin --user-domain default --role admin
keystone role-create --name admin
keystone role-add --user admin --project admin --role admin

- 创建服务实体：

keystone service-create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute"
keystone endpoint-create --service nova --region RegionOne --publicurl http://controller:8774/v2.1 --internalurl http://controller:8774/v2.1 --adminurl http://controller:8774/v2.1 --port 8774

- 创建网络实体：

neutron net-create admin_network
neutron subnet-create admin_network 192.168.1.0/24 --name admin_subnet --gateway 192.168.1.1
neutron router-create admin_router
neutron router-interface-add admin_router admin_subnet
neutron router-gateway-set admin_router external_gateway

- 启动OpenStack服务：

systemctl start openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-keystone openstack-glance openstack-neutron-server openstack-ceilometer-api openstack-ceilometer-collector openstack-ceilometer-agent openstack-ceilometer-central-agent
systemctl enable openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-keystone openstack-glance openstack-neutron-server openstack-ceilometer-api openstack-ceilometer-collector openstack-ceilometer-agent openstack-ceilometer-central-agent

（2）配置OpenStack计算节点

- 修改/etc/nova/nova.conf文件，设置数据库连接信息、镜像服务地址、网络服务地址等：

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://root:mysql@controller:3306/nova
[api]
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = admin
username = admin
password = 123456
[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = admin
username = admin
password = 123456

- 启动OpenStack服务：

systemctl start openstack-nova-compute openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-neutron-agent-openvswitch
systemctl enable openstack-nova-compute openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-neutron-agent-openvswitch

（3）配置OpenStack存储节点

- 修改/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf文件，设置存储节点列表：

[swift_dir]
bind_ip = controller
bind_port = 8080

- 修改/etc/swift/account-server.conf、/etc/swift/container-server.conf和/etc/swift/object-server.conf文件，设置存储节点列表：

[swift_dir]
bind_ip = controller
bind_port = 6020

- 启动OpenStack存储服务：

systemctl start openstack-swift-proxy openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container openstack-swift-object
systemctl enable openstack-swift-proxy openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container openstack-swift-object

验证搭建

1、访问Keystone API

curl -X GET http://controller:35357/v3

2、访问Glance API

curl -X GET http://controller:9292/v2/images

3、访问Nova API

curl -X GET http://controller:8774/v2.1

4、访问Neutron API

curl -X GET http://controller:9696/v2.0

5、创建虚拟机

nova boot --image cirros --flavor 1 --key-name mykey --security-groups default myvm

本文详细介绍了如何基于OpenStack搭建私有云服务器，通过本文的指导，您可以快速搭建起一个功能完善的私有云平台，满足企业内部对云计算的需求，在实际应用中，您可以根据实际需求对OpenStack进行扩展和优化，以实现更好的性能和稳定性。