搭建本地云服务器的方法，从零开始，手把手教你搭建本地云服务器

手把手教你从零开始搭建本地云服务器，无需专业知识，只需跟随步骤，轻松实现本地云服务器的搭建，助力你的学习和工作。

随着互联网的快速发展，云计算已经成为企业、个人用户不可或缺的一部分，搭建本地云服务器，不仅可以让我们更好地体验云计算的魅力，还可以在本地进行各种测试、开发等操作，本文将详细讲解如何从零开始搭建本地云服务器，让你轻松入门。

搭建本地云服务器所需软件及硬件

1、软件环境：

（1）操作系统：Linux（如CentOS、Ubuntu等）

（2）云平台：OpenStack、Docker、VMware等

2、硬件环境：

（1）CPU：至少2核

（2）内存：至少4GB

（3）硬盘：至少80GB

（4）网络：千兆网卡

搭建本地云服务器步骤

1、准备工作

（1）下载并安装操作系统：根据个人喜好选择Linux发行版，如CentOS、Ubuntu等，下载镜像文件，并使用虚拟机软件（如VirtualBox、VMware等）创建虚拟机，安装操作系统。

（2）配置网络：确保虚拟机网络设置为桥接模式，并连接到物理网络。

2、安装OpenStack

（1）安装依赖包：在虚拟机中执行以下命令安装OpenStack依赖包。

yum install -y openstack-packaging python-openstackclient

（2）安装OpenStack组件：根据OpenStack版本选择对应的组件进行安装。

以OpenStack Mitaka版本为例，执行以下命令安装OpenStack组件。

yum install -y openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-keystone openstack-glance openstack-keystone python-keystoneclient openstack-ceilometer-api openstack-ceilometer-collector openstack-ceilometer-notification openstack-ceilometer-alarm-notifications openstack-ceilometer-alarm-evaluator openstack-neutron-api openstack-neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent openstack-neutron-l3-agent openstack-neutron-dhcp-agent openstack-neutron-metadata-agent openstack-neutron-linuxbridge-agent openstack-neutron-ml2-agent openstack-neutron-ovsagent openstack-heat-api openstack-heat-api-cfn openstack-heat-api-cloudwatch openstack-heat-engine openstack-heat-keystone-auth openstack-swift-proxy openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container openstack-swift-object

（3）配置OpenStack组件：

（a）配置Keystone：

编辑/etc/keystone/keystone.conf文件，配置以下参数。

[keystone]
admin_token = admin_token
log_dir = /var/log/keystone
log_file = keystone.log
log_level = DEBUG

（b）配置Nova：

编辑/etc/nova/nova.conf文件，配置以下参数。

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://admin:admin@localhost
my_ip = 192.168.1.100
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
[vnc]
enabled = True
vncserver_listen = 0.0.0.0
vncserver_proxyclient_address = 192.168.1.100
[neutron]
url = http://192.168.1.100:9696
auth_url = http://192.168.1.100:35357
auth_plugin = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = admin
username = admin
password = admin

（c）配置Glance：

编辑/etc/glance/glance-api.conf和/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf文件，配置以下参数。

[glance]
host = 192.168.1.100
debug = True
log_file = /var/log/glance/glance-api.log
log_dir = /var/log/glance
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@localhost/glance

（d）配置Neutron：

编辑/etc/neutron/neutron.conf文件，配置以下参数。

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = rabbit://admin:admin@localhost
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = metering
use_neutron = True
log_file = /var/log/neutron/neutron.log
log_dir = /var/log/neutron
log_level = DEBUG
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@localhost/neutron

（e）配置Swift：

编辑/etc/swift/swift.conf文件，配置以下参数。

[swift]
debug = True
log_file = /var/log/swift/swift.log
log_dir = /var/log/swift
[storage]
device_path = /opt/orchestrate_swift
[object-server]
user = swift
group = swift
devfs_ruleset = 2
[container-server]
user = swift
group = swift
[account-server]
user = swift
group = swift
[container-replicator]
user = swift
group = swift
[object-replicator]
user = swift
group = swift
[object-updater]
user = swift
group = swift
[object-auditor]
user = swift
group = swift
[container-updater]
user = swift
group = swift
[container-auditor]
user = swift
group = swift

（f）配置Heat：

编辑/etc/heat/heat.conf文件，配置以下参数。

[DEFAULT]
debug = True
log_file = /var/log/heat/heat-api.log
log_dir = /var/log/heat
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://heat:heat@localhost/heat

3、初始化OpenStack

执行以下命令初始化OpenStack。

openstack-db --init
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf api_database connection mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@localhost/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@localhost/keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf admin_token admin_token
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@localhost/glance
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@localhost/neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/heat/heat.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://heat:heat@localhost/heat

4、启动OpenStack服务

执行以下命令启动OpenStack服务。

systemctl start openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-keystone openstack-glance openstack-ceilometer-api openstack-ceilometer-collector openstack-ceilometer-notification openstack-ceilometer-alarm-notifications openstack-ceilometer-alarm-evaluator openstack-neutron-api openstack-neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent openstack-neutron-l3-agent openstack-neutron-dhcp-agent openstack-neutron-metadata-agent openstack-neutron-linuxbridge-agent openstack-neutron-ml2-agent openstack-neutron-ovsagent openstack-heat-api openstack-heat-api-cfn openstack-heat-api-cloudwatch openstack-heat-engine openstack-heat-keystone-auth openstack-swift-proxy openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container openstack-swift-object

5、创建用户和项目

执行以下命令创建用户和项目。

openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt admin
openstack role add --project service --user admin admin
openstack project create --domain default --description "Service Project" service
openstack role add --project service --user admin admin
openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt demo
openstack role add --project demo --user demo user

6、创建网络和子网

执行以下命令创建网络和子网。

openstack network create --admin --share --external --provider-network-type flat external
openstack subnet create --network external --allocation-pool start=192.168.1.100,end=192.168.1.200 --gateway 192.168.1.1 --dns 8.8.8.8 external-subnet

7、创建路由器

执行以下命令创建路由器。

openstack router create router
openstack router add subnet router external-subnet

8、创建虚拟机

执行以下命令创建虚拟机。

openstack server create --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros --key-name mykey --nic net-id=router --security-group default demo-server

9、访问虚拟机

使用nova console-access-show命令获取虚拟机的访问地址，并在浏览器中输入该地址访问虚拟机。

本文详细讲解了如何从零开始搭建本地云服务器，通过本文的学习，你将能够掌握OpenStack的基本操作，为后续的云计算学习和实践打下基础，祝你在云计算领域取得丰硕的成果！