kvm虚拟机网络，KVM虚拟机配置万兆网卡详解，从基础设置到优化技巧

本文详细介绍了KVM虚拟机配置万兆网卡的过程，包括基础设置和优化技巧，旨在帮助读者掌握从基础到高级的KVM网络配置。

随着云计算、大数据等技术的快速发展，虚拟化技术逐渐成为企业IT架构中的重要组成部分，KVM作为开源的虚拟化技术，因其性能优越、成本低廉等特点受到广泛关注，在KVM虚拟机中，网络配置是至关重要的环节，特别是对于需要高速网络连接的场景，万兆网卡成为首选，本文将详细介绍KVM虚拟机配置万兆网卡的方法，包括基础设置、优化技巧等内容。

KVM虚拟机配置万兆网卡的基础设置

1、安装万兆网卡驱动

在KVM虚拟机中配置万兆网卡，首先需要确保宿主机支持万兆网卡，对于基于Linux的KVM宿主机，通常需要安装相应的网卡驱动，以下以CentOS 7为例，介绍如何安装万兆网卡驱动。

（1）查询网卡型号

使用以下命令查询宿主机的网卡型号：

lspci | grep Network

根据查询结果，找到对应的网卡型号。

（2）下载驱动

在网卡制造商的官方网站或GitHub等平台下载对应型号的驱动程序。

（3）安装驱动

将下载的驱动程序解压，进入解压后的目录，执行以下命令：

./install.sh

根据提示完成驱动安装。

2、配置虚拟机网络

（1）创建虚拟机

使用virt-manager等工具创建虚拟机，并选择“网络适配器”选项，选择“桥接网络”类型。

（2）设置桥接网络

在桥接网络设置中，选择“选择现有网络设备”，并选择宿主机上已安装万兆网卡的物理网络接口。

（3）配置IP地址

为虚拟机配置IP地址，可以使用静态IP地址或动态IP地址，以下以静态IP地址为例：

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

修改为：

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
IPV6_DEFROUTE=no
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

ens33为虚拟机网络接口名称，根据实际情况修改，保存并退出。

（4）重启网络服务

重启网络服务使配置生效：

service network restart

KVM虚拟机配置万兆网卡的优化技巧

1、调整内核参数

（1）增大TCP窗口大小

在宿主机上，可以通过修改内核参数来增大TCP窗口大小，提高网络传输效率，以下命令将TCP窗口大小调整为8MB：

echo 'net.core.rmem_max = 8388608' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.core.wmem_max = 8388608' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

（2）调整最大传输单元（MTU）

将MTU调整为9000，以优化万兆网卡的传输效率：

echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.igmp_max_memberships = 128' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 9216 12582912 16777216' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000' >> /etc.sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4